НЕКОТОРЫЕ АНОМАЛИИ ФЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗИМЫ 2019-2020 гг. НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ

Аннотация

During the 2019-2020 winter period, peak positive temperature
anomalies were recorded in most of the European part of Russia (ER) according
to Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology. The authors analyzed
the meteorological characteristics of the winter season (34 parameters) and
phenological data for 9 animal species (first occurrence) and 13 plant species
(onset of sap ascent, onset of leaf flushing, onset of the flowering) for thirty years
(1990-2019) in environmental monitoring in six State Nature Reserves:
Voronezhsky, Prioksko-Terrasny, Tsentral’nolesnoy, Nurgush, Pinezhsky and
Laplandsky. The data of meteorological parameters and phenomena obtained in
2020 were compared with the norm for 1990-2019 years through the normalized
deviation indicator n. It is calculated as the ratio of the difference between the
parameter value of the current year and the multiyear value to the standard
deviation. In the reserves of the southern and central regions of the ER
(Voronezhsky, Prioksko-Terrasny, Tsentral’nolesnoy, Nurgush), weather
anomalies were revealed that caused an earlier onset of seasonal phenomena in
the spring of 2020 in all observed plant and animal species. For example, onset of
Betula sp., Corylus avellana, Alnus glutinosa (A. incana), Tussilago farfara,
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
ЭММЭ, Том XXIII, № 1-2, 2021
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Scilla siberica, Hepatica nobilis, Corydalis solida, Pulmonaria obscura,
Anemonoides ranunculoides (A. nemorosa), Salix cаprea, Daphne mezereum,
Pulsatilla patens flowering was registered in record time. The winter season
peculiarities in the Reserves of the northern taiga subzone (Pinezhsky and
Laplandsky) were higher temperatures, precipitation abundance and longer
periods with a stable snow cover, short periods with temperatures below -10°C.
Average daily temperatures above -5°C and maximum above 0°C were
established early. Some phenomena in Pinezhsky Reserve began earlier than
multi-year terms (onset of Betula sp. sap ascent and of Alnus incana and
Tussilago farfara flowering). The first spring phenomena in animals and 13
plants occurred at the usual time or later in Laplandsky Reserve. The use of the
normalized deviation as a criterion for the "norm" made it possible to quantify the
features of the early development of biota in different territories of Russia.